Chocolate

 Whenever a bad mood when I will get on the few pieces of chocolate into his mouth. That slippery feeling makes you feel super cool, everything was melted like, as will all of a sudden seemed a good mood Get up! I really like two completely different flavors of chocolate, a little bitter chocolate, and the other is a very sweet chocolate. I do not know what it means. This means that my heart may have a dual character in there?!
sweet chocolate \lust. Modern society has the same study reported that moderate consumption of chocolate can help people to enjoy the sweet love \perception of life. in the hearts of many people's memories, the happy feeling like a delicious chocolate as food for thought, the slightest lingering. Some people say chocolate is sweet, it was said she was bitter, some said she was happy, Some say that she is sharing. chocolate brings the spirit of the experience has exceeded the value as a food.
delicious chocolate is heaven-sent, to bring our emotional and health, like chocolate, we have sufficient reason to believe that The delicious taste of chocolate, you will feel when more reason to love chocolate.
choice for Valentine's Day gift of chocolate and flowers of course. In addition to the different flowers have different meanings, like the chocolate \I know Valentine's Day this year can receive such a gift ah.
Valentine received any \performance; Instead, you get what kind of chocolate to the lover, lover you will know how important, and what you hope to improve the lover.

mint chocolate lovers on your behalf: you know that Valentine's deep interest in life and unrestrained and uninhibited, is a rare event of your dream the best lover, but always make you feel unfaithful lover would do, stripped of a sense of security, fly in the ointment.
lover on your behalf: your Valentine's is a avant-garde in mind, willing to accept new things, new people, Valentine's hearts in the important position occupied, but Lover think you are too fun and indeterminacy, is not assured to be the next, so follow step by step.
liqueur chocolates
on behalf of your lover: lover is in love master, the United States like wine, you completely captured, the other that one, you can not say two lovers often call the marching orders are to be treated to live under make you stripped of self-esteem, escape the clutches should be considered.
representative of Valentine for you: know that you like the challenge and excitement, the courage to try, but a bit cold on Valentine's, so that lovers feel ill at ease, I hope everyone's feelings become clear as soon as possible. But I am sure you got the upper hand in the relationship, can be assured.

dark bitter chocolate lovers on your behalf: Do you think Valentine's subjective and can be hard work, it can rely on a partner, and lover Strong personality, independent assertive, these are what you hope to learn from each other's advantages. you will cherish this Valentine.
representative of Valentine for you: think you're mysterious, unfathomable, carrying a fantasy about your past piles of debt situation, I hope they can do to save you the one who is. Basically, the other is Chilian you, but indecisive man, do not know to seize the opportunity.

milk chocolate lovers on your behalf: it feels Valentine pure, very cute, though cherish each other, but that does not quit like the other milk-like, stripped of conquest and satisfaction. this reactionary feeling stripped of tension, at any time to be rid of the crisis, to look out for themselves .
to you on behalf of Valentine: Valentine feel your skin smooth, shiny hair, a cute little princess The Little Prince, the other party wanted to protect you, touch you move the other maternal great father, you can at any time coquettish, but be careful to become an idiot child.
nuts chocolate lovers on your behalf
: Although there is no passion to get along with Valentine, but more of a sense of steady, even in the beginning to get along, but also the feeling , that the other party is your best candidate in searching, but only that the lovers behave too.
to you on behalf of Valentine: Valentine for you wholeheartedly and would like to serve you anytime, anywhere around the other side were in your mundane the unusual, so you cast an enchantment, a bit silly lover, so that you stripped wary, but be careful the other side will make uncharacteristically bizarre behavior.

white chocolate lovers on your behalf: Do you think Valentine did not assertive, a disadvantage is also the advantage, the advantage is there are people who never go along with what to do, you more than a slave to the beast so that useful, but worried that the two as one person's life experiences growing up with less.   you on behalf of Valentine: Valentine love you and purity, but after getting along too over the top of your hand afraid, are trying to leave you, but think of your tender but not willing, now in a dilemma between , all s hands. 

Chocolate - Physiological weight loss products on the high

 Chocolate is rich in amino acids, when the menstrual period to time, will the special needs of growth hormone to put nutrients into the muscle, chocolate, rich in amino acids, can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone, so the menstrual period, to select non- sugar, chocolate! this way not only will not get fat eating chocolate, but also help to eliminate fat.
chocolate usually contains too much sugar, calories are very high, so does eating too much chocolate makes you fat. However, This argument is often useful to make us ignore the chocolate: the nutrient-rich, and can enhance the mood.
different types of chocolate contain different nutrients, such as: and cows than chocolate, dark chocolate contains more minerals iron, magnesium and vitamin E, while the cow is chocolate contains more calcium, potassium and vitamin A. In addition, chocolate is still very effective mood enhancing agent, can make you depressed mood from freed. The latest good on chocolate news: Tea better than chocolate prevent heart disease and cancer.
dietary recommendations: eat chocolate lies in the amount of recommended daily consumption of 50 grams of chocolate. high cocoa chocolate contains flavonoids, which is a a good antioxidant, proper intake of the chocolate can help you stay young.
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Chocolate - Emotion regulator

 Mm chocolate chocolate
mood regulator can regulate mood. I see the British psychologist, University of Wales Swansea, Dr David m. Benton said, chocolate is a powerful regulator of mood. To prove the point He made the following experiment: playing a dirge to the students and let them depressed. then give them to drink chocolate and chocolate milk or soy milk taste like the angle (with cocoa flavored soy milk.) found that chocolate can improve their mood, and depressed when they will have a special desire to drink chocolate milk. chocolate soy milk substitutes angle no such effect. Dr. Benton said, calm emotions. In addition, chocolate also contains several chemicals with pharmacological activity, such as phenylethylamine, etc., and their role with the commonly used stimulant amphetamine somewhat similar to the central nervous system excitement. br> In addition nerve Academy of San Diego researchers recently proposed: Chocolate has been able to affect the brain there is another interesting reason: Like chocolate and marijuana may have a role in stabilizing mood. They found that cocoa powder and chocolate and some new elements They belong to the chemical structure of endocannabinoid ester (analgesic effect), and marijuana on the brain cells share a receptor. This means that the chemical composition of chocolate could be produced only by activating the cannabinoid receptor with After the euphoria similar to marijuana, comfortable feeling. If there is enough after eating chocolate endogenous cannabis resin into the brain will have a especially love the chocolate.
my relevant log:
2009-02-07 | chocolate bittersweet chocolate mm to listen to the voices of real understanding of chocolate
2009-02-07 | chocolate mm br> 2009-02-06 | mm bittersweet chocolate, fat is not my thing
2009-02-06 | brain food chocolate
2009-02-06 | Chocolate mm to prevent deterioration of fat in the blood
2009-02-06 | Chocolate mm mood regulator
2009-02-06 | Why is chocolate addictive?
2009-02-06 | why children avoid eating chocolate?
Tip: On the line universal nutrition knowledge, is conducive to public health, the main Bo Bowen says his original writing, all allow non-commercial use Bowen reproduced online, but to respect the original text, but also for the dignity of knowledge, please indicate the name, enclose the blog link, if the media published or commercial application please contact me or message (also told by the destination and name), Thank you for your understanding help! In the interest of public health, willing to work with you! friendship invitation of the way, see next video Thank you!

30 years of reform and opening up impressive scientific and technological progress in China auto industry

 Reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: progress in terms of what has been achieved it? Recently, reporter, executive vice president of China Society of Automotive Engineers had an interview with Mr. Fu Yuwu.
Reporter: Automotive Engineers Society of Automotive Engineers is a home, you should be the best understanding of scientific and technological progress in China auto situation, you think that 30 years of reform and opening up, China's auto industry in which technological progress has remarkable achievements?
paid in weapons: 30 years of reform and opening up, China's automobile industry has made great development in scientific and technological progress has made great achievements in improving the competitiveness of China's automobile industry has played a prominent role. I think that the achievements of reform and opening up 30 years can be summarized into ten key words:
first key word: convergence
China's technical regulations to achieve full integration with the international. This year, the implementation of the National III emission standards, Beijing took the lead four countries to implement standards, marks and European emission standards we have been very close. Since 1990 the State began to control exhaust emissions, by 2008 Full implementation of the country, three standards in China spent 17 years, spent 27 years in Europe. China has laws and regulations with international standards is very fast, maybe 2012 will sync with international standards.
energy, safety, environmental protection is the three themes of the car. Our legal system has been basically close to the technical regulations of the European system of mandatory regulations now 97, of which 26 related to active safety, passive safety of the 24 general 25 security, energy saving 22. The progress is often overlooked, is the regulatory system of rapid development, China's vehicle exports for the foundation to go out first of all to achieve mm regulations, standards and international practice.
second key word: integration
China Automotive Technology and is already part of the global automotive technology market is basically the technology convergence with developed countries, development in the same direction. For example, I participated in automotive engineering in the Czech Republic when the Council , the General Assembly a problem: the global automotive technical direction and technology roadmap that? majority of participants felt that the new energy. in the new energy, China has made great progress. For example, the Beijing Olympic stadium and surrounding the use of new energy vehicles are our own production, which is not previously imagined. China's new energy vehicles have been part of the implementation of the commercialization, the market will soon realize .2010 electric cars of the World Conference to be held in Shenzhen, there will be 1000 large-scale use of new energy vehicles, buses and thousands of electric and hybrid vehicles, taxi driving in Shenzhen, this is the behavior of the market.
Another example is lightweight technology. from the industry say, my previous lightweight attention is not enough, and now lightweight technology has been accepted by the Chinese automotive industry. For example, new design methods, new technology, new material applications, are related to the lightweight issues, including the high-pressure molding technology, aluminum and magnesium large-scale application of the alloy, is the same as in China and abroad.
for active and passive safety technology, China is a lack of understanding of the past, with the development of automotive electronic technology, these technologies have had with foreign convergence. such as the ABS has the formation of a market to develop the ESP-based ABS is moving towards industrialization.
third Keywords:
upgrade the industrial structure adjustment, the past of has been fundamentally changed, and now the production of heavy vehicles in the international market accounts for a sizeable proportion of the industrialization of the development for the industry to upgrade the basic motivation.
products, technology upgrading, the original cars in China is blank, how can the products have no market, no product so what upgrade. Today, China's own brand manufacturing enterprises, joint ventures, each year dozens of products, support for these products is technology upgrade, technology upgrade to the auto industry with our to the tremendous vitality.
fourth Keywords: change
30 years of reform and opening, business has undergone tremendous change in growth mode, realized from the sale, production, research and production processes in three major aspects of the greatest olive , to the enterprises have not read a line, and also look at research and development center. FAW, SAIC, Geely, Chery and a number of corporate R & D centers have been established, investment in research and development to fundamentally change the original The structure model. If the establishment of R & D center is the table, then these plants are established in line with Chinese characteristics in the product development process is. It is said that in 1994 China's auto enterprises have development process, but the processes and procedures now not a concept. the past is copy the process, from parts to the drawing process, is the reverse process of development; it is a positive development, from market research to development to product process. Our country has a system of independent R & D , there is no system of business processes and R & D can not develop.
other experimental means. Now enterprises attach great importance to experiment, many enterprises have several wheel test rig, crash laboratory, temperature, laboratory, and modeling room. before the cross- the company is showing off to our lab, is now caught up with China in many ways (often significant) level of the foreign: CAD / CAE and other advanced development tools are widely adopted, the level of R & D has made great progress, many multinational corporations in China auto industry progress in research and development was surprised.
a new generation of researchers to access a lot of car models, which are the older generation of R & D personnel can not be compared, they touch a wide range of knowledge and new product development for the new generations made a great contribution. GM's president has said that companies first product, second product, the third or products. Now, some of our business also has a product development platform, launched a product platform strategy.
fifth Key words: acceleration
accelerate innovation, technological progress, obviously, this is shown by China's automobile industry today, the new features.
year, the State Council Development Research Center, Feng Fei, produced by the Minister asked me how to evaluate China's auto industry in 2007? My answer is: independent innovation. how to evaluate the level of a technology center, to see experimental conditions, to see the level of product development, to see the quality of the winning projects. In the CPC Central Committee proposed the building of an innovative country under the guidance of the spirit of enterprise to build innovation-oriented enterprises, engage in independent innovation is not an expedient measure, but the strategic needs. through independent innovation, we have developed a number of good products. foreign colleagues said, did not expect China's technology pace of innovation so fast.
products have no market so what? no products so what is innovation? no innovation so what is competitiveness? 30 years of reform and opening up, especially the automobile industry in China in recent years, the acceleration capability of independent innovation, and the national economy rapid development is inseparable.
sixth Keywords: pull
automotive technology advances, stimulating the development of relevant industries, and promote the technological progress of related industries. The most obvious is the equipment manufacturing industry. China 70% of the machine is to buy the automotive industry, and now, stamping, welding, painting, assembly these four processes, four production lines of the equipment is basically made in China. In the past, China can not produce a large stamping machine, and now made a section large-scale press factory production line has been established in the vehicle.
car driven by the steel industry is also very obvious. Baosteel never thought of when the plant is built for automotive industry and so many high-quality steel sheet, is automotive industry led to increased demand for iron and steel industry in technical progress. aluminum alloy, the extensive use of aluminum-magnesium alloy, all of the technological advances made in different industries a high technical requirements.
seventh Keywords: upgrade
technical level of China's automobile industry improved significantly. 30 years of reform and opening up, China significantly increased people's consumption capacity, the surge in demand for cars.
market demand, the automobile production capacity, production technology improved significantly, the best production lines to China. Today, China can manufacture the most common car, and can produce the most high-end cars; In addition, our trucks, passenger cars are among the world production capacity.
eighth Keywords : Exercise
huge market, fierce competition, gave birth to a batch the latest models. The new models continue to develop and exercise a large number of motivated, the level, the ability of the scientific and technological personnel, China has its own team of automotive technology.
few years ago, I went to the United States to participate in the annual SAE, where multinational companies, I saw a group of young Chinese scientists, and now they are back to the Chinese National People's Congress, China's auto industry scientific and technological progress has played a significant role in promoting. Meanwhile, the large number of domestic scientific and technological personnel training grow up to form a local R & D team. These innovative talents with modern development and design capabilities, the latest technological developments, familiar with the car characteristics of the industry, which is supporting the development of our automotive industry forward great wealth.
Ninth Key words: out of the reform and opening up to
30 years, China's automotive industry manufacturing capacity, R & D capabilities have been rapid improvement of enterprises in an increasingly mature market competition, in this background, the trend has been formed to go out.
Throughout the trajectory of vehicle exports, began as a small passenger car, and then the commercial vehicles, large quantities buses, special vehicles, and now a considerable volume of cars, the export structure gradually change along with the scientific and technological progress, increasing the level of exports. This year China is expected to exceed one million car exports, exports gaining momentum.
While abroad to China Export set up numerous barriers, but the momentum is not to curb exports, the Chinese auto market has become part of the world's car.
tenth Keywords: Accumulative
profound knowledge of Chinese enterprises, the accumulation of great attention, including product the accumulation of technology, database building, including team building, these are the power of our country into a vehicle for accumulation. engage in research and development need to have a database, and now has its own database business, are established in line with Chinese characteristics , each with distinct characteristics of the product development process.
Reporter: Do you think 30 years of reform and opening, which events can be regarded as the key point of influence?
pay to Wu: I think there are three key points.
The first is the reform and opening up, opened the door. Although the First, China is entering a bus Hino, square head side brain, we believe that buses should be so; later the bus came in Europe, Europe is streamlined, we have gradually accepted. car is the beginning of Japan, we believe that too Well, too advanced, but later the United States, Germany, have come, also will broaden our horizons, and for a more comprehensive understanding of the car.
previous car companies are all state-owned enterprises, if not reform, how will the private economy? Geely, BYD, these private enterprises to the Chinese auto industry has brought vitality, the market was fully competitive. This is the planned economy to market economy is a major feature of reform and opening up a major achievement.
second is how to understand the car into the family. In the past, excessive inhibition of the cars into the market, which killed the car's technological progress. Now it seems, is the reform and opening up the car went into the homes of ordinary people home, people need to promote scientific and technological progress, and science and technology letting consumers in China were using the car good and cheap.
third is innovation, the CPC Central Committee proposed the building of an innovative country, and promote a car the rapid development of science and technology industries. an American multinational manager once said to me: you dry (annual) 200 million to 3 million, when there is no innovation can also, if you go to the 10 million do not value innovation and to strategic mistake will be made.
I agree with this viewpoint. China must have its own ability to innovate, not their ability to innovate can not develop.
Reporter: There are many types of enterprises in China, all enterprises has its own model of development, the development of China's automobile industry do you think the model is to rely on the foreign joint venture? is it yourself? or the industry collaboration with the dry?
pay in force: China Automobile Research Center is now the study of Chinese automobile industry development model. the diversity of the Chinese economy led to differences in consumer demand, which determines the pattern of China's auto industry, like other countries do not. from the market terms, China is to export, but domestic demand is characterized by The biggest difference with other countries.
is the dual economy of the Chinese economy, so the car will be for the long-term agriculture development services. The farmers can afford, with annual demand for affordable cars in the 500 million to 600 million.
In addition, the first affluent areas and less developed areas of the difference, the difference between east and west is particularly prominent in China. difference had different needs, how should companies locate in the end, this is the issue we face. China has in the luxury car market, Geely, BYD, Lifan in the second and third tier cities are also selling well. in the Beijing market, QQ, Geely also selling well, the market is determined by the level of economic diversity in the study of the automotive industry development, the understanding of the market is particularly important.
in commercial vehicles, the country has an absolute comparative advantage. because the technology is mature, affordable, so people bought in the Chinese market or Chinese car. theoretically solve the problem of vehicle development model is currently an important issue, an industry have theoretical guidance. light of Brazil, South Korea is not comprehensive, drawing on foreign experience into the Chinese model is very important.
recent years, China's fastest-growing auto industry year, this time the development of the automobile industry is very important theory. After all, a huge automotive industry can not do without theoretical guidance. 

Dark chocolate cake

 This month makes me happy too many exciting things, first birthday next week to Pig, and happy that I can for the first time a birthday cake to their hands, feel good and sense of accomplishment. Second, this month I want to and head off to our third wedding anniversary a good excited ah! made me surprise is the head I prepared a big birthday present, happy happy I'm so happy!! Every year on this beautiful December I had a lot of lots to talk about happy things. the first two weeks because of some small busy hands are also not properly done at West Point, riding good mood today, had a head like me and dark chocolate cake, fish are also considered the first big surprise to me return it, Pig do not know whether there is time to do your next birthday cake, so today was the first operator mounted the milk his birthday cake!! If you have time to do it next week One would be better, hehe hh comrades, jm are you to wish me a happy birthday!! Pig here first wish, I hope the coming year can make more delicious to share with everyone!!
I like to listen to Landy's happiness and joy to share with you, happy birthday I said to myself ...... I would like to have all my laughter bring you ...... Happy Birthday, I said to myself ...... we must can work together to the old. hee hee hh
think of doing this is because the cake has been arguing recently the head to drink black coffee, I just would not let him drink, hard to find out what delicious Moreover, a good night he drank and live like gods to the spirit of good surprisingly die and I grab psp to play, he went to Ye Hao had to deal with my approach, I bought a big piece of dark chocolate, but also pathetic that do not drink coffee, eat on This yangkeng it, know what I like to eat chocolate also take this provoke bad dog, I was tempted by the beginning of his weekdays in the head will not let me eat chocolate only blame themselves to blame, one to eat this I can not stop addiction down, this time it will allow me to eat a good chance how can I give up, so put a good dark chocolate cake made Falls in!!
the cake fairly high heat, but to satisfy their own mouths I was ready to sacrifice, also a long way out anyway, or the first yangkeng important! hee hee hh
really like the color of the cake today, so many put a picture, let everyone share with me!!
material:
dark chocolate 130g (not like the taste of dark chocolate, milk chocolate can be replaced), light cream 140g, unsalted butter 100g, egg yolk, 6, 6 protein, sugar 100g, flour 40g, cocoa powder 70g
decorative finishes can be their own practice
:
1. the dark chocolate chopped and boiled with melted butter and mix well short
2. room temperature to soften the butter into the chocolate mixture, mix well until completely melted and
3. yolk plus 50g of sugar sent into a milky white color of the volume increase
4. and beat until frothy add the remaining sugar until dry
5. to 1 / 3 of meringue into the yolk of Mix
6. the chocolate mix egg yolk and stir well, add sifted flour and cocoa powder, low cut mix well
7. Gradually add the remaining meringue mix to smooth batter is placed there luster Die
8. Preheat oven 150. baking time 40-45 minutes
9. baked upside down until after their own decorative surface 

Football is a market, not a bureaucratic

 Football began in 1992, the reform did not establish a true sense of China's professional soccer system. The actual operation is a semi-professional, semi-government-run system. This hybrid system there are profound internal contradictions, not only did not focus on the advantages of two systems, but interfere with each other to create a variety of difficult issues. This is the development of Chinese football has yet to embark on the main track.
recent developments in China to create institutional change football opportunities. People should seize this opportunity to solve problems for many years the development of Chinese football institutional contradictions. In the process, of course, the Chinese football needs a comprehensive grasp of history and current situation, but more important is the need to draw heavily on the reform by more than 20 years open access to a market economy system reform knowledge. If you reject this knowledge, the experience only in the soccer house and turn on, it will be difficult to obtain a breakthrough in the development of ideas, institutional change is difficult to succeed. To get, one must out of football and, in the establishment and improvement of market economic point of view and analysis on institutional change football.
order to accurately grasp the status of Chinese football, must lead the two core elements of the Chinese football market economy and the government-run Sports mm have enough to understand. Here are the two dominant factors were analyzed.

market economy and the so-called professional sports professional sports, or as commercial sports, in fact, the market economy through the development of sport means . That being the case, professional sports as they should obey the general rules of market economy.
then the general rules of market economy, what is?
different from the planned economy, market economy and investment in the arrangements are not in accordance with the higher production instruction, but in accordance with market prices. they on their own terms, as selected areas of lucrative investment and production. In this case, if other conditions remain unchanged, a rise in the price of goods or services will attract more people to engage. Instead, prices fall, people will leave, to seek to develop other areas.
Therefore, the price, not the superior's instructions, in a market economy plays a central role , directly determines the allocation of state resources. consumer demand, through purchase of expression of the will, that is willing to accept a certain level of prices, to inform producers. Producer prices are based on consumer demand for information, to arrange production, goods or services for consumers. The principle of the process is very simple, but it can be very complex operation. However, it is because of the complex, people can enjoy a wide variety of goods and services.
modern society, both large and complex division of labor, professional categories are many, and has already exceeded the so-called �����ʮ��. Even a simple commodity production, such as a pencil, but also hundreds of people around the world need to collaborate to complete. Of course, they are not producing a pencil, but a considerable scale.
So, how to organize this collaborative production? by a central management agency instructions? planned economy, believed that the central competent authority organizational tasks. But practice shows that the centralized management of any institution can not do this complex organization. One can only use the price that seems to be this cold, coordination and organization. It should be noted that the allocation of resources when the price to play role, the market naturally in people's behavior for the pursuit of profit performance accordingly.
ancient times, for a market economy in the pursuit of profit this phenomenon, there are people who have been dissatisfied. They believe that this phenomenon is too vulgar, too impersonal, objective should be to replace the profits of the other objectives of this ruthless, such as career development, national prosperity, equality, beauty, art, knowledge, truth, and so on. The goal itself may be justified, but the problem is, these goals not necessarily all, or even necessarily desirable for most people. So, no matter what target is selected, and if in pursuit of that goal as the guiding principle, then certainly we must suppress those who are not interested in this goal the desire This will help to force, it is necessary to replace the instruction with the price of officials, that is, instead of the planned economy with market economy. this experiment it has been done more than enough. repeat meaningless.
the benefits of profit is acceptable for everyone. profit is actually a neutral objective is to achieve other goals. One may rely on their own profits earned in the market to pursue their own goals, so why should all it is a unity of purpose?
Therefore, the fundamental law of the market economy is to ask, or even force people to chase profits. all are called So, when people use the means of development of the sports market economy, or that the development of the sports industry when, in fact, is the development of sport as a means of pursuing profit. In this regard, the sports industry and other industries there is no difference. < br> to professional football, for example, the organizers of the league work, is to buy a ticket to attract more viewers, sell more souvenirs higher selling price of television rights, etc., etc., thousands million dollars are to earn more money. investors to establish equity club, but also to profit by operating the club. The coaches and players, the natural but also to get the highest possible wages. All this is not gradually developed a wide range of sports, people engaged in the exercise of these projects will not only exercise the body, but also felt fun and excitement. Later, the wise men found that certain sports such as football, not only in people find it interesting, bystanders would also be some satisfaction, some people are even willing to look on the opportunity to get paid. So, smart people who specifically for sports organizations to attract onlookers. game more exciting, to attract people the more income the more organizers. Later, income gradually stabilized, there have been specific and specialized athletes race organizers, who are called managers of professional sports and professional athletes. and they are the work, known as professional sports.
the only way to understand professional sports, professional sports people can understand the history of the development. The European system of professional football in many countries produced in the latter half of the 19th century. At that time did not have any important international between events, the purpose of professional football can only be established in order to chase profits. convinced many people in China's administrative bodies logic
Chinese Football Association is currently in the core of Chinese soccer system. Although this semi-official institutions of foreign claims to be semi-private, but people know that there is no doubt an official administrative body. the logic of their work and other administrative bodies is not any difference.
executive and survive in the market by the profits of the enterprise compared to the logic of work is fundamentally different. the difference is to evaluate the performance of the most important mechanism. the work of any institution personnel, their work effort and correctness, we need an assessment mechanism to measure. enterprises from the market assessment mechanism to price as the core. and living in the market other than the administration how to do? can not use price to measure their work , need other alternative measure.
advantage of price signals, which measure the best and most timely, most fully reflects the true wishes of consumers. consumers of goods or services have never been based only on the level of individual indicators. such as color TV sets for consumers to buy, not the screen the bigger the better, nor is it the more clear the better the image, nor is the price the lower the better, nor is it easy to buy the more the better, consumers according to their economic capacity, after considering several indicators to make their own choices. As for the consumer in the end what factors to consider, consider to what extent there is any demand for commodities, vary, very difficult to be summarized. but market allows consumers to producers do not have to complicated to introduce their own specific requirements, respectively, all of the requirements of the consumer can to inform producers.
if the market does not exist, such as in administration, the , which is proposed by the ruling administration to a single index, as measured by the standard. diligent person may make a few more indicators, but the more the indicators proposed, not as . And the more the indicators proposed to measure, compare, and supervision the higher the cost of the work. Therefore, in reality, are often indicators of administrative bodies both simple and crude. comic irony that the rodent results in order to collect mouse tail to measure. In fact, the administration and the reality of the actual implementation of the measure compared to the absurdity that is not the most ridiculous.
although not satisfactory alternative indicators, however, some government departments public services, such as defense and foreign affairs, the market can not provide, then, put this deficiency and to maintain the existence of these government departments, but also is an acceptable choice.
Football Association is also part of the executive agencies, they also To face the problem of the lack of measurable indicators, the same type of index to find a replacement. the one hand, this indicator is not too high running costs, but also the supervisors and the public can basically accept, believe that the indicators can effectively measure the results of their work .
Football Association found the target, and spent a lot of years, this indicator is Guo Zihao team in international competitions, especially the results of major international competitions.
I said before, is not any alternative indicators such as price signal is comprehensive, accurate, then the football field this proxy how? so that you?
this indicator is also not comprehensive, and accurate. Guo Zihao international league team and do not represent the level of development of Chinese football. It is a very one-sided targets.
To compensate for this deficiency, there are people who have called for adding new indicators, such as youth training efforts, the club management level, etc., but these indicators tend to be more difficult to quantify, difficult to monitor, the association can easily perfunctory in the past, such as urging the club false accounting. Therefore, in practice on the most important thing for the football team's performance this indicator Guo Zihao.
result, the Chinese Football Association's work lies in the core and center of gravity as possible Guo Zihao team from the competition to improve performance. even though they completed the work in this area is very bad, but worse is that the pursuit of achievements in order to achieve the purpose, to destroy them even at the expense of the development of football in China. To World Cup Olympics break any league is a typical example in this regard.
A. A history, because of dissatisfaction with the management of football clubs and the Football Association have conflict between the multiple, sometimes contradictory but also very intense. League will therefore be materially adversely affected. but as long as the same period the national team can still score, the association's position is unshakable. Only the national team failed, football will face a real crisis.
can see the work of the Chinese Football Association's logic is: work outside their goal is to promote the development of Chinese football, but in fact to improve the team's international competition Guo Zihao results as the real targets.

the basic contradictions of Chinese football in the government-run professional sports and sports organizations were analyzed after the beginning of this article referred to in the current football system in China will emerge a profound internal contradictions.
in the existing system, the investment professional league clubs are all affiliated companies. They invest in League, originally, and investment in other fields, in terms of profits as the goal. But the management of the league has chosen is not in the hands of investors, and this administration in the hands of the Chinese Football Association. Football is not the work targets a profit, they do not concerned about whether the league can create more wealth, nor do they care whether investors can get enough in return, they only care about the team's race results Guo Zihao whether it has been improved. Football League as a fact to help them improve performance, Further on in the career tool. investors doing? investors are forced to pay for the Football Association to pursue their goals.
This is the basic contradiction in the Chinese football.
the Football Association, the league is now services for the national team, so, on the one hand, as long as the results sufficient to meet the national team boss, Football Association to consider the objectives have been completed to improve the management level of the league mm that is not a simple matter mm but to muddle along, the results , resulting in endless Unfair; other hand, to national team, Football Association league even at the cost of damage, such as any disruption league, limiting the introduction of foreign players, the players somehow developed trading rules, forcing a fitness test and so on. This two aspects of behavior undermines the interests of investors make their investment returns should be difficult to obtain.
initial stage in the professional league, investors are driven by the passion of love of football, hopes to profit in the future This contradiction is not so sharp. In addition, advertising effects, and local government relations, the status of the investor's state-owned investors, among other factors also make the request for return is not so strong, however, over time, business increasingly The more a dominant factor, then, investors did not return the situation more intolerable, more and more intolerable their investments used by others without compensation. can not stop the intensification of contradictions.
fact, contradictory intensified that a positive fact: Chinese football system in which unreasonable condition. Clearly, any investment in a commercial area who will not tolerate similar behavior. few people invest in a business, would have to be used to make money, suddenly, a tyrannical government officials to win business management free of charge right one to achieve his purpose of wantonly squandering corporate resources, while also requires investors to continue funding. This, and the naked robbery is not essentially different. in the whole society to a market economy and rule of law today, it is particularly harsh. no reason to tolerate such a situation to arise. This basic conflict must be resolved soon. football despite broad interest, but that does not sacrifice fundamental to football just and right. Europe's ; has made a precedent for the world. football must obey the law and basic social system.
To eliminate this basic contradiction, there are two options.
First, following the General Administration of Sports of certain senior officials of the opinion Football Association of Chinese football management in maintaining a monopoly at the same time, the total abandonment of professional league to regain professional system. In this case, the association was to continue to pursue their own goals mm to improve the team's game results Guo Zihao mm opportunities also do not have to rely on other investors. Of course, when the General Administration of Sports will be responsible for paying for the Football Association, Football Association is to raise enough money.
may be made outstanding achievements in the Olympic Games, senior officials of General Administration of Sports the formation of a perception that giving up her career structure, professional system recovery in the past can still achieve good competition results in order to score political achievements mm in this regard, the General Administration of Sports and the Football Association has a high degree of agreement errors in mm this understanding is obvious The. hold on this understanding, only that senior officials of General Administration of Sport of extreme thinking behind the times, and even keep up with the reform system began in 1992 when the football.
results for the Olympic Games, a pattern can be found : China win the item, usually a professional system, individual system against other countries. As professional institutional investment in more resources, of course, greater chance of winning. But once the situation became a professional career structure system against other countries, the market economy in the unparalleled advantage in mobilizing resources to make China almost no chance of winning. In addition to women's volleyball outside of the traditional advantages of the project, China's largest project almost complete failure of the ball, this is not accidental. big ball of projects are usually large commercial potential suitable for carrying out professional sports.
now, even in the semi-professional system, the national annual total amount of funds invested hundreds of millions of football. abolished the professional system, all commercial advertising, sponsorship, direct investment will disappear, while those who work hard to earn money for playing outstanding natural athletes and coaches will find the other party. how to attract them to stay to continue in football? more importantly, how to make the parents who continue to be the next star sent to football practice, not play basketball, training hurdle? Sports Administration under contract for themselves such a heavy burden, their courage can be described as impressive. but football is the world's most fully professional sport. Sports Administration want to rely on expertise in this area against his country's system of vocational institutions, is tantamount to holding machetes and spears to tanks, combat aircraft, the results do not ask we can see.
Second, the Chinese Football Association to give up a monopoly on football management, from investors to establish their own professional league system. this system can be combined from several parties, can also play a leading role in the party. to the wide area of China, big market, in different regions and different levels, such a league system can exist even more. then the United States, there are three professional basketball league, through market competition, the final NBA pre-eminence. As long as there is competition in the market, what Unfair, high wages, the players do not work, reasonable fares, are can be resolved. professional league was sold to the audience called football merchandise. drawbacks can be summarized as such goods are not suited to market needs. As long as the normal market conditions, the output of goods sold is not a problem. As for the production market demand for commodities is not suitable for people who will get what in the end, not to mention the strike.
the development of Chinese football our minds
semi-professional, semi-government-run of the hybrid system not only created a lot of football in China the thorny issue of real , but also people's minds formed a considerable ideological confusion. even if the current progress in institutional change football, football in the further development of China's future also needs people to emancipate the mind, break the shackles of all kinds to fully open up space for the development.
first One problem is clear: in the end what is the real development of Chinese football?
Guo Zihao football team trying to achieve good results as the answer, we must admit that the answer really is a lot of people agree. these people claim : The role of the league should be to train forces for the national team. However, this idea is the development of football and the world in direct contradiction.
generally believed that the five major European football leagues represent the state of the development of more adequate. five league so, on Italy, Britain, the West's most successful league. but the results of three national team in recent years has been unsatisfactory, and their league is not commensurate with the level of development. But does that mean anything? that their league is not success? French national team in recent years have done quite well, but they almost all national team players of a team of the league force in other countries. Although, from experience point of view, with a high level league teams will definitely be one of the country, but In fact, the outstanding achievements of international competition in the country, often not those with the highest level league of countries, such as the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, South America, Brazil and Argentina. While the level of these countries the national team dominated the world, but it is the development of national league It is hard to compliment. can be seen between the level of league and national team what is in fact no direct link, not have a good team league will surely become the world's top teams. I even thought, particularly successful, over- The league will make a very intense player fatigue, but not conducive to the national team results. Think of the French 2002 World Cup team.
from another angle, if the league's role is to serve the national team, then just five league can be considered extreme failure. in major international competitions, often such a phenomenon, a country's national team defeated their opponents out of the league culture. There are numerous examples in this regard. This is not a traitor Qiurong it? Imagine, if a player in South Korea or Japan, China, leagues, by increasing the level of competition, and later in an important game in the first World Cup opponent is relying on the player beat the key performance Chinese team. At that time, domestic public opinion will be used in any comment? is unfortunate that the club will be denounced, and then called for the introduction of football to enhance the management and control of foreign aid?
say, if that host countries is to increase the national league team level, then the FIFA World Cup and for what? In order to improve the level of Earth's soccer team to beat in the universe Bowl football team do on Mars?
Therefore, China wants to develop football, we must first understand What is the true development of football. I think the real football development should at least include the following: Football in the social life of the growing influence, directly or indirectly engaged in this activity more and more people, the game exciting and improve and maintain the intensity, and so on. This is a very broad concept, not the national team's performance can be summed up and represented. However, in a market economy, all these elements can be indicators, that is football industry more and more wealth created.
Based on this understanding, we must restore the league's original state. league is intended to generate profits, making investors realize profits as much as possible, so that coaches The team so far as possible a satisfactory income. team league development results should only be a by-product, not the League's main product. If such a by-product of high quality, of course, very good. But if the quality is not so satisfied, we can not say what. League have never been to such a product exists. League's main product is a great race, organizers rely on the main product profitability. a league, if not profitable, the national team level will also be difficult to sustain high again. On the contrary, a league if lucrative, although it can not guarantee the level of the national team is world class, but the country's football will flourish, and the national team to score will not be as bad today This inferior position of Chinese football.
If we can establish the principles of the league to profit-oriented, you can achieve a breakthrough on many measures, the overall prosperity for the Chinese to create conditions for football. In this regard, perhaps take a look at the world's most successful experience in professional sports mmNBA.
profit-oriented, that is, interest-based audience, therefore, NBA's organizers are busy all day by all means to attract viewers. To this end, they even hesitate to modify the game rules: each half into four sections; prohibit defense, only allowed man to man; expanded from three point line; the offense 30 seconds to 24 seconds is not a hh of these practices to improve the U.S. national basketball team level. NBA interest in this little organizer. But without exception, these practices will increase the intensity of competition and confrontation, which can achieve the purpose of attracting viewers. NBA also does not consider the limit of foreign players, some players have even the United States team become a minority. And it is these grew up in the NBA foreign players in the Olympics beat the United States. If in accordance with the , who had special rules in order to attract viewers, such as the four control, 24 seconds, the last but was generally accepted around the world, eventually prevailing rules are modified basketball.
NBA seems a phenomenon rarely mentioned, that is, It seems the organizers do not believe that you are an American Basketball League. look at the profits they already have the world under the guidance of significance, not only the performance of foreign players in the NBA is no limit on the. Canada's team NBA campaign, NBA's games played in Japan and other countries, NBA is working on developing the Chinese market is the most symbolic hh, NBA championship it is called WORLD CHAMPIONS (world champion). This includes the self-confidence and open How can it be Yingyinggougou in official positions of the generation who can understand? of such self-confidence and open the market to give huge returns. Perhaps the U.S. national basketball team won the international competition is not always the champion, but the prosperity of the United States basketball is difficult indeed to aspire.
to many of China's population, regions covered, can be said to constitute a world in itself. beat South Korea beat Saudi Arabia, World Cup qualifying, the final 16 goals hh do to meet these little Chinese World football appetite? not enough! Chinese football people should break through all obstacles, whether it is ideological, or organization, whether domestic or international, using the means of the market economy, mobilize as many as possible resources, not only a large number of Chinese visitors to enjoy the highest level of football matches, but also for the development of world football to open up an unprecedented vast space.
of the Chinese Football League for a number of specific proposals as Football
League is such a complex system consisting of two levels of order. a heart condition as a basis for the order, including the autonomy of the club investment, income and so the legal protection system. The core need for the external forces to establish order. In After these core Zhixu established, the structure will form the framework of the league, the parties involved in this league within the framework of a voluntary coordinated manner, to continue to develop the league in specific order, such as competitions, rules, transfer of the rules, dispute handling mechanism, the referee system, etc..
pay more attention to the core of this order, because the Chinese football is the current performance of the so-called institutional weaknesses at the core rules are not complete and reasonable. As for the specific operation of the order, we must rely on stakeholder who interact with each other to form game. But as a person concerned about the Chinese football, I still want to mention in this regard some of their views, both for the parties to refer, but also take concrete actions to participate in the interactive game into.
(a ) transition as a good way to start all over again. Qianwen Yi said, the Football Association's work and the true sense of logic is a professional league out of tune. trying to coordinate between the two, the likelihood of success is small. Moreover, the existing investors is variable and persuade them to obtain their support, great difficulties. Therefore, the best way is to completely abandon the existing league resources, start all over again, and create a new, completely dominated by commercial principles of the league. the only way to completely get rid of government-run sports. if the league hopes within the system in an existing operation, not only costly, but it may still be a nondescript monster. to achieve League System is currently an active advocate of reform of the the two clubs as the backbone, and other means to focus on the acquisition of the domestic Super existing six to eight, in a team, and then a bold move, for South Korea, Japan to participate in at least each team. The new Super League (b) the establishment of high level management team. must be changed only by the status of retired football player management. to employ familiar with the law and market economy, business management, understand the dynamics of international football staff to manage the league. proposal from the five leagues in Europe, Japan J-League, and even recruited from high-level NBA executives.
(c) establishment of a multi-level league system, such as in Beijing, you can create the district as a unit of the city league. In this way, not only to establish the top league the personnel training system, and more professional players to create jobs, but also to a greater extent in mining profits.
(d) to increase the intensity of the introduction of foreign players, the best this league are accomplishing little World Cup.
(e) If the Football Association Super League continues to encourage the maintenance, waiting to see if those reforms are to remain in Super League, the Later, the status of those who can not be compared with the initiator. on the sidelines and not actively join the reform, but also risky.
Now some commentators cite some specific technical difficulties, saying that space lease, the relationship with FIFA, the introduction of the difficulties of foreign aid, etc., I think that the success of things, the key to the success of the operation of the market, as long as lucrative, the specific technical difficulties are difficult to solve. in the business world , capital is the most powerful weapons. Do not think this is dirty, the use of funds must rely on consensual transaction. This force others into submission than the officials who command more in line with fairness and justice.
grant a man a fish, as delegate to fish. recommended, after all, just a subjective imagination. in the end what the Chinese football will develop a specific running order, only by all the stakeholders to determine the practice. the market over the wisdom of the wisest scholars .20 years economic reforms to create economic development in China, great achievements in social progress. football is no exception, as long as professional football with a sound system of unlimited development of Chinese football.

2011 history of Chinese journalism equivalent test guide exam questions (a) Reference answers

 1, the ancient Chinese newspaper produced in the Tang Dynasty according to what?
Newspapers produced in the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, the evidence: 1) Tang Qiao Sun's 2) The London Book of the Tang Dynasty Shouchao Bao received a urgent need to understand the dynamics court, Tang has had the issue of the newspaper's material conditions .2) As a result of imperial examination system, intellectuals concerned with career information.
2, why the ancient Chinese papers did not evolve into modern newspaper?
1 ) internal: This is the root cause. In the feudal autocratic system of government, ancient newspapers were strictly authoritarian rule in favor of positioning within the framework of the information content of long-term confined to affairs of state, stalled in the state of copy transfer official documents. As feudal rulers of information communication tools, the ancient system of feudal autocracy newspaper is something within the system. China is China's feudal society of ancient newspapers self-sufficient economy and imperial supremacy of a specific manifestation of the autocratic monarchy.
2) external causes: the Qing Dynasty Room and private reports the decline of newspapers do it, its historical background is changing the nature of Chinese society, the feudal policy of seclusion was broken, the Western capitalist economy into China market. from a subjective, because the official control of these newspapers are too stringent, newspaper Apart from copying and license to reproduce the said Section, the not overstepped, the ancient newspaper can not meet the growing demand for information; from an objective, it is both news, reviews, ads and literature, and many other content, highly readable, large amount of information, news timeliness of the modernization of strong new newspapers appeared.
3, outlined the development of ancient Chinese newspapers.
ancient Chinese newspapers, from the Tang Zhiqing, After a long process of development. has appeared in Di Bao, tabloids and newspapers, and other types of housing in Beijing newspaper reported. newspapers are extended to the private sector from government officials, went on to become an industry in society; from government-run mainly to the private-based, handsheets from similar news letters to the movable type printing product brochures, from the non-sale to peddle subscription fees, the general trend is in progress. But in the feudal autocratic system of government, ancient newspapers were strictly located in the framework of authoritarian rule in favor inside. as information dissemination tools of the feudal rulers, the ancient system of feudal autocracy newspaper is something within the system.
Kaiyuan Miscellaneous News: Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty palace outside the capital of Changan, the court issued on a daily points of the Emperor and Baiguan dynamic presentation affairs of state. This policy brief has been copied to find the field to enable the court to send the feudal class in the internal dynamics more widely spread. Tang Qiao Sun, Bulletin of the copy simple affairs of state, and called , there is no fixed header and name.
Di Bao: also known as instruments and the political affairs of state to know the news paper copy of information.
room Beijing newspaper reported: Di Bao Ming court does not print, but it is not prohibited to reprint articles for the content of the report Dibao room in Beijing reported. With the literati and information needs of citizens increases, the late Ming there is no official report on the name of a real newspaper quoted the official Beijing newspaper room. folk house out of Beijing newspaper reported the contents of the palace is basically copied, Edict and Zhangzou other.
4, the basic characteristics of Shishudibao.
Di Bao, also known as ;, its role is equivalent to today's news organizations in Beijing, focusing on affairs of state to convey the message, where the emperor decree, court officials and the officials appointment and removal of memorials and other transfers are required di Officials have copied the contents of the collection. ; private copies of the original house by the court, then later posted on the palace, made public private copies, so called > 5, briefly Street Bridge and the popular tabloid produced in the Song Dynasty reasons.
a kind of political news and current affairs material published mainly non-official newspapers from time to time, there is no fixed header and name. was called a habit, is the unofficial history of the earliest newspapers. begins prevalent in the Southern Song Dynasty. Content: court dynamic reports, Emperor Zhao Yu and so on. Contents Features: 1. time-sensitive .2. published The most pivotal sector of the court classified the incident were not disclosed, due to inconsistent statements on the ban by banning Zhao Ting .3. a wide range of readers, there are two kinds of handwriting and printing.
Song that there are potentially huge need for information. Folk ; tabloid, process.
reported, renamed changed monthly, still edited by Lin know, some foreign missionaries have been involved in the preparation work of .1907 on May 30 Lin died in Shanghai after the notice, After the publication was against the feudal diehards and jealousy. Westernization chief Zhang Seeing the situation, has also been shaken, and immediately reef steering, interference Agent Wang Hong Liang of utmost exclusion. The two sides around the important tool of political struggle, is the various classes, various political groups compete for the object.
8, Review of Liang Shu-E before and after the press thought the coup.
Liang early news ideas: that the function of newspapers is plug for Achieving Details of the provinces recorded in New Deal, Bo Search representations cases, next to the book containing political apprenticeship.
political reform after the failure of bourgeois reformists exile, put forward new ideas:
first newspaper ; said: one said that the Government and their supervisors; second is for those people and their guide;
the second is a measure of quality newspapers, the four criteria. First, given the high purpose; second, thinking of new and positive; third, and when the rich material; fourth, the report does the speed;
Third, the idea of a sound public opinion. In preparation Qing constitutional, he created a sound public opinion on how the issue was systematically studied . He believes that public opinion is the biggest social sanctions between heaven and earth force, newspapers are the most powerful organ of public opinion expression. newspapers should be in favor of a sound public opinion must have five: the holding of those who must have extensive knowledge; have the spirit of brute force ; to the purpose of safeguarding national interests; to come from the public mind, not pregnant with ideas and relying parties in order to determine the non-personal likes and dislikes; to be guided by truth, can not pull them with affection, as partial to the theory;
four the print advertising are two ways: the method of infiltration and incitement methods. invasive method is to make readers monasteries, subtle, and gradually accepted the view of persons; incite the way, is pretending to remark the reader Mengxing.
9, Liang briefly between 1895 and 1902, the newspaper activities.
famous reformist politicians and newspapers and activists. Liang earliest contacts with the press, is founded in editor Kang, Ji Wen, The compilation of a man has his work to complete. New Reform needs to Xuanzhuan Wei, Liang began at this time of reform and development of the Wang Tao style of newspaper political commentary, and gradually formed its own style. is world known as . After the Hundred Days Reform, Liang began to set up an independent newspaper, has organized the who was then called
Wang Tao in 1857 to participate in It is the first press of news in the history of political commentators, political commentator of his anti-imperialist, Changyan Reform, short and pithy, easy to understand, full of feeling, later developed into a new kind of newspaper style, after the development of the Liang, the literary world at that time reformers and leaders of the future a greater impact. After some of his political essays incorporated as the theoretical maximum achievement, laying the cornerstone of the modern theory of the press.
11, Wang Tao of China, the development of modern press What are the main contributions?
Wang Tao of China is not only active practitioners of the press and politics, but also the positive press and politics advocate. He was not only newspapers and political commentators of the earliest, but also a pioneer in the theory of telegraphy, the first democratic government to promote newspaper thinkers.
Wang Tao of the newspaper many of his ideological discourse scattered articles and letters. But He has also authored three monographs, focused on the views of the newspaper. It is the subject of three articles: Western China's own daily newspaper and benefit. On the one hand the practice from their own experience of newspaper experience. These views are reported to the era of advanced human wisdom, at the same time opened the Theory of Modern Newspaper precedent.
12, briefly Wang Tao of the newspaper stand .
Wang Tao of the newspaper idea can be roughly divided into three aspects: First, to promote press freedom of speech, democratic government. Second, stressing that the press for the rule. ethics, do their duty, Preparation of mining conditions movement. Lin in 1838, ordered the end of the imperial envoys, to Guangdong smoking, arrived in Guangzhou, immediately proposed a outside the newspaper. translated the main content of reports, including reports in China outside the political, military, trade and other aspects of coverage, as well as basic information on the introduction of Western countries. The second thought is based on profound patriotism .1842 Wei years, completed the introduction of Western Wei compiled the country's political, economic, military, history, geography, and other aspects of culture masterpiece point of view, the text reveals a very broad social and political functions of the newspaper.
14, > First, with news, special provision newspapers, is divided into four version of the layout of printing on both sides; columns layout based projects implemented by 1m6 font, different text, title and message priorities.
Third, Early Years, the opening of any correspondents in Beijing, writing for the paper newsletter.
these innovations it is to give readers a fresh, very popular line of imitation for many newspapers.
15, Introduction to the Publishing Activities of Taiyan.
Modern revolutionaries, thinkers, critics and the press of Great Masters .1903 and founder of the Old Austrian paper incomprehensible.
16, on the Revive China Society should be how to evaluate during the press?
1894 Nien Hsing in the Council has just set up in Honolulu, has long been founded on the use of the local Chinese newspaper forum .1900 mission in January Sun Shao-Bai founded in Hong Kong, a number of newspapers and magazines, to promote democratic revolution. bourgeois revolutionary Sun Yat-sen led the newspaper to the bourgeois revolutionaries, revolutionary activities from the beginning to the time when great attention to newspapers. in the whole during the Revolution, they founded a total of at home and abroad nearly a hundred and ten kinds of newspapers and periodicals. Through these newspapers to publicize their political views, to mobilize the masses rise up in revolution, the revolutionary development of the situation of democracy, played a great role in inspiring and motivating.
17, ; how the matter?
the Qing government to suppress the trend of bourgeois democratic revolution and cook the literary inquisition, is a well-known before the Revolution .1903 anti-political cases, the Zou Rong, ZHANG write sensational were the Army revolution chanted sacred Concession authorities to continue to promote the public shrine revolution struggle. contempt for imperialism and the Qing rulers in May of persecution .1904, Zhang, Zou, were sentenced to imprisonment for 3 years and 2 years of .1905, .1906 Zou Rong was tortured to death, the ZHANG released from prison. Through this incident, the suppression of the newspaper industry, resulting in a large number of journalists killed were arrested, the newspaper depression scourges, comes just Guichou Lunar New Year, so called Guichou reported news in the history of disaster.
1912 年 Yuan teach the assassination of Song Ren, the press reported that the quite dissatisfied with the depth, suppress the second revolution, the authorities began to clean up the opposition newspapers, newspapers reported that people were warned Communications, thwarted by the search, closed the door closed things have occurred. At the same time KMT Department of newspapers were all closed down. Shanghai region, Beijing accounts for 1 / 5. suffered a major blow .1913 Guichou years coincided with the lunar year, then press the newspaper publisher this year suffered the catastrophe known as the News in the history of the darkest year.
19, review the latter half of the 19th century occurred in the November in Shanghai established the first commercial Chinese-language newspaper. the beginning of the weekly. As the Annas by the British merchants. the United States Charles et al April 30, 1872, founded the main purpose for profit business newspaper. in a foreign-run newspapers and periodicals, authored by the Chinese government take charge, one. Founded in April 1894, 10 years after founding, the only Chinese newspaper in Shanghai, changed little. until the , July 2 in the same year Qiye changed daily. At the beginning of the operation and management measures taken?
Wang out with farming know the pain of the next. a long series of reports. Third, of great importance to the text published in Supplement. Fourth, a sideline business. ① founded the literary magazine; ② .1876 published in the vernacular News the first vernacular newspaper.; ③ .1877 Illustrated published in News stage of development. The journal is a large, current affairs and politics magazine, propaganda, meet the challenge. polemics just the beginning, Liang write tens of thousands of words frequently on some specific issues detailed observation is indeed profound, and often take the single gun battle, feel more and more force can not hold; the
the controversy around the following four major issues: first, if not for the national revolution to overthrow the Manchu rule; Second, we should not be the civil rights revolution, the establishment of a republic; Third, we should not implement the state-owned land The average land ownership; Fourth, the revolution will lead to imperialist intervention, the Chinese lead to partition.
this controversy continued until the 1907 Section Shanghai, formerly known as violent blow to feudalism, promote public awareness of thinking, as the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, to the spread of Marxism in China were thought to prepare public opinion, opening the way. (Lu Xun in the vernacular novel marks the Marxism. Chen compiled and distributed, China's organ of the Communist Party of the early organization of the foundation.
third phase (September 1920 m1922 in July): group of the CPC Shanghai launched the period for the establishment of the Communist Party of China made a significant contribution, and after the establishment of a theoretical journal of the party.
24, A Brief Introduction to the thinking of press activities and the significance of the press.
fen is an outstanding new-democratic revolution in China journalists, political commentator and publisher in October as .1926 patriot with socialist ideology, and actively promote anti-Japanese national salvation, become a national sensation, characteristics and personality, especially the well-known heart and dedication.
Award.
25, briefly appeared in China's broadcasting industry.
1923.1.23 China's first radio station Aosi Bang (United States) was founded in Shanghai, China Radio Corporation Radio;
1926.10.1 Chinese first Harbin, a government-run radio broadcast radio stations (Manchurian Liu Han)
1927.3.19 first Chinese private radio stations broadcast new company, Shanghai New
1928.8.1 of the Chinese Kuomintang first national radio station Central Broadcasting Station (Nanjing )

Everyone must fight for their freedom and a bright

 Mm individual studies of (1) Xiong Peiyun part-time teach computer teacher, he lectures, new to the computer about what people think computers are difficult to understand, a student said the teacher, I could not pull out the keyboard. The teacher said, hard pull. He taught two semesters computer, the content I have forgotten, except the sh But college was I, or read are not allowed. There are times in the dorm, several girls to play the weekend, and I said a boy curly hair mousse, can not remember the appearance of early, but the correct He said that the temple which few wronged dead. this sentence in my entire secondary school life is the most forget the words. Later, I also use remark other things, to comfort someone else mm Which temple few wronged dead. If the hope that people have thought. you want a sword and the Republic of hh I want an idea of the Republic. Grass is nature's most fragile things; but he is a thinking reed can, all of our dignity lies in thought. Indeed, a person, as long as the owners thought, to meet the spirits, ghosts afraid of you; meet mountains, mountains on the give your way; meet the river, the river will give you shop bridge; meet the sky, the sky will give you wings. the power of ideas that no one can block the.
Xiong Peiyun through the But I only remember his passage:
, completely forget the significance of a positive act, forget that he was part of the environment, forget China is progress bit by bit. So here I am willing to repeat the two words I always say, l you more of a pessimistic environment, the more a pessimistic r, l you acquiesce yourself a free, China will step forward r. Several wronged dead. a wronged dead, seemingly insignificant, but it is not for the efforts of wronged dead. Each ghost ghosts are all part of one less, it means there is no ghost to step forward.
China's news review, which increased harvest situation. The news, whether that individual, or say one thing, all cases, even the Commentary is not always blame forgiveness, intolerance, and even asked to see the mainstream, look at the majority, it is not people agree with. case is part of the whole, there is no case there is no whole, only the case well, as all cases the overall will get better. So, this is commentary in the eyes of some people find fault the reason why, we must find fault.
society no one can out there, everyone is part of the community. do yourself, is a contribution to society. If the news commentary is the case in order to promote the settlement, the case of the people and things who are passive, then every one of us who should take the initiative to take the initiative to fight for their own freedom mm you more of a free, China more of a freedom; each of us should take the initiative to own a bright light mm you more, China has more of a light.
This is my reason for advocating the study of individual .
talk about the last time Xiongpei Yun , his knowledge of how the baht inch tired plot. Xiongpei Yun's language is very warm, despite the language of the original boring comment, but his language of the sun and up; Xiong Peiyun France to study and work experience, made him learn a lot on the French intellectual The book references everywhere; shortcomings, the book lacks original ideas or theories, which shows that he is still a journalist, not a scholar. 

Responsibility - vision - perseverance, these qualities do you have

 Inflation and interest rates hard to put out cups of water car market as early as 8 am paid
December 9, 2010 opening day on Thursday
required reading
1, National Bureau of Statistics released November 11
economic data National Bureau of Statistics yesterday, 12   11   notice (Saturday) from 10am press conference held at statistical data. Many economists expected in November CPI will hit a new high during the year.
on a survey of 36 institutions, in November The consumer price index (CPI) is expected to increase up to 4.7%.
the same time, CASS experts predict this year by 3.2% CPI increase. And some time next year CPI increase will remain in the upward trend, the state CPI tolerance level may rise to 4%.
Some analysts believe that the reference in the CPI announcement after the central bank to raise interest rates before the prices, small interest rate increase! money in the bank is no doubt more and more devalued!)
2, three central reserve tickets arrest rates or withdrawn from circulation into the main
years, 8 months back central bank bills once again Four central bank only in March the central issue of a ticket. three-year central bank bills issued was again suspended, this is the third three-year central bank bills toolbox out open market operations.
early April of this year, the banking system to increase the capital lock efforts, the central bank three years in the open market recovery central bank bills issued, the cumulative size of the freezing of funds reached 1.03 trillion. but since the central bank to raise interest rates in October after a three-year central bank bills, secondary market interest rates increase the more upside down to the larger interest faded so that their bodies, resulting in the rapid decline in circulation, even the most recent issue size to 10 billion, lost the effectiveness of capital returns.
(sand: the market believe that this message means that the central bank or to raise the deposit reserve ratio instead of raising interest rates.)
3,2010 new record high on China's grain output increase for seven consecutive years, according to the Ministry of Agriculture informed
2010, China's grain Zongchandadao 10928 billion kg, an increase of 312 billion kilograms, up 2.9%, new record and an increase for seven consecutive years for the first time in half a century, food production for four consecutive years or more stable at 10,000 billion kg.
(sand : Despite the increase in food production, but could not stop the momentum of rising prices of agricultural products!)
4, hundreds of economists, entrepreneurs, 88% believe that the current inflation
CCTV serious the one hand, China's economic growth momentum remains strong, on the other hand, driven by a variety of factors at home and abroad, there have been price rise, increasing inflationary pressure situation. By 100 economists and entrepreneurs in the survey, The reporters found that 73% of the respondents believe that China's current inflation situation is more serious; 15% of the respondents believe that inflation has been very serious; also have about 12% of respondents believe that China's current inflation is not serious.
(sand: inflation has actually taken place in each of us around!)
5, Liu Wei, vice president of Peking University, said citing excess liquidity in the asset market, dangling, the objective to improve the cost of running the national economy, anti-inflation policies have long-term arrangement, every step of the policy efforts should not be too fierce.
People's Daily reported on Wednesday quoted the words of Liu Wei and said part-time economist, this year if the inflation rate slightly more than 3%, do not be too nervous, because this year's economic growth is expected to more than 9%. economic growth rate increased, inflation is a correspondingly higher economic law dictates, not out of control.
Liu pointed out that the governance of inflation, there must be mentally prepared for long-term and policy arrangements, as far as possible every step of gentle strength, policy efforts should not be too fierce. short-term policy lag, as if the treatment cold, can not be expected immediately, , the current financial crisis has not eliminated the problem of insufficient domestic demand and not fundamentally overcome the economic growth momentum is not enough, in the next one two years, China is facing greater inflationary pressures.
to control inflation , recycling of excess liquidity, since late October, China had a central bank raise interest rates, and twice the statutory deposit reserve ratio increase, while some financial institutions to implement a differentiated reserve policy.
(sand: China The interest rate has been 10 times higher than the United States and Europe and other countries, the deposit reserve ratio as high as 18%, but also br> Wednesday, U.S. stocks closed slightly higher. U.S. dollar, bond prices fell sharply. Despite fears that the Bush tax cuts may result in continuation of the government deficit, but the general rise in the financial sector continues to push the stock market closed.
the Dow rose 13.32 points , to close at 11,372.48 points, or 0.12%; the Nasdaq rose 10.67 points to close at 2,609.16 points, or 0.41%; the S & P rose 4.53 points to close at 1,228.28 points, or 0.37%.
gold futures fell $ 25.80, or 1.8 %, to close at $ 1,383.20 an ounce. Crude oil futures fell 0.5% to close at $ 88.28 a barrel.
(sand: U.S. dollar index shot up, but close out a long upper shadow.)
old sand feeling
1, yesterday's trend is to raise interest rates naughty, and glasses of water difficult to eliminate inflation, interest rates paid car! China's interest rates have been 10 times higher than the United States and Europe and other countries, the deposit reserve ratio as high as 18% Whither can add?
2, some scholars have asked: China next year, the number of new credit scale in the end? Some people say that target is 6 trillion, underestimate. If you recognized the growth rate of M2 is 15 next year %, then, if the size of the end of M2 is 71 trillion (69.9 trillion in October), the next new M2 was 10.7 trillion, accounting for additional new loans generally about 70% of M2, then the actual new loans next year will reach 7.5 trillion or so. not too much to tighten monetary policy.
3, the sand in the old view, the so-called the less valuable, and all the prices have risen to heaven, it only getting lower and lower stock prices?
4, in inflation, in the context of severe inflation, liquidity will flow to commodities, the flow of high-quality listed companies!
5, the printing machine 5 - 10 years , so only buy a Nearly worries! handheld One said: buy stocks, play the stock market are actually the world's most miserable man, who was kidnapped by the stock is sitting people to live in!
addition the stock market is manipulated by an invisible hand, the kidnapping, which makes you even more pain!
when you are detached in one or two good long-term investment in listed company, rather than every day entangled in its fall and rise it?
free to live in between heaven and earth, and not living in the daily limit and daily limit between the right!
me if not for a responsibility, I would have unfettered freedom in another environment to live out!
like this every day on my blog, also felt the old sand makes sense!

The more good people you absolutely want you to (continued)

 Before I wrote an article entitled many. A few days ago, called the Friends of Briseis Bo said to me: outdated image of a woman. Juan said:
What is good? different people have different explanations. it really true that the more education the higher the quality? not necessarily bar, educated women are often not good enough! are ordinary people, but nothing more. ordinary people will a sense of balance!
. Icanflyok (tourists):
working ability of the woman but not by most men fancy it? so-called good women may ask ourselves: Are you proud? you are not looking down upon a lesser extent than you man? If so, the men would rather than you do not want a good woman! of course, there are some men to shame a woman of outstanding prohibitive.
grid Yu:
on the definition of good women. What good woman, not to say that women with high education is a good woman, a woman does not mean the money is good woman. doctoral Ye Hao, strong woman, it is all just shows that they are excellent in one respect. But a good woman, you also need decent conversation, manners elegant, good personality to get along and so on. often heard people say that women doctors could not find her husband, a strong woman is not happy, it can only say that she was only a partial good. teach me Japanese, a doctoral great temperament, people in the study of Dr. married when she was. those who do not find her husband's doctoral students, can only say that she looks on the dress may be poor, or earlier were being robbed. and those strong women are not happy, mostly because they put too much to concentrate on the work, the work brought life to the strong, so do the role of women in itself is not good.
2 support: The more mature about it the more experience the charm of men? < br> An anonymous user said:
inclined to agree, I now have over thirty of the not married, but I found when I was twenty years old, around the side all know no ability to play a small boys; now old old, found that rich men like me but more and more. Oh, I think women still have to strive to improve themselves, anyway, I think when I was twenty years old pretty, and access to money also many opportunities for men may be that no one liked me, now find rich people who basically like me more and more Yeah, she felt did not do anything. But I think I'm not much good, a lot of charm worse temperament is not very elegant, and are too simple, sentimental, emotional unstable, too impulsive, a bit headstrong, a bit like sticky, not enough heart, generous, not very amusing people happy, the results just ran a downtown super-rich boyfriend, did not seize the opportunity. While it is very sad, but I must admit defeat, I have to remove these defects, it has to become more mature and wiser more sensible, make persistent efforts, I met in a certain to take advantage of.
grid Yu:
speak directly to the users and pragmatic. admits that he's attraction and is proportional to the number of wealthy men around. in the first article I wrote: Well, what age you are married with nothing to do with your own strength, including the social status, income, education, insight, charm, with these things on. kind of people depends largely on their own circles. Therefore, we expand their social circle it, at least on the big range.
when their good, when his powerful, then the initiative in their own hands in the.
3 support: Five-year-old was rushing to either nonsense
anonymous users:
five-year-old was rushing to either nonsense. Hillary Clinton out of there after Taosexinwen when their idea of divorce has had several suitors, but all the best, when she is more than 50 years old.
briseis:
In fact, the meaning is clear grid Yu, a man is not necessarily a woman's life protection, and its own charm, ability, strength, along with the aura of a woman life. men will one day they might easily by Zhu Er, become someone else's. However, ability, charisma but who also can not take away, even if people jealousy, only staring at him in envy. So, as a woman you should not only know what you want, but need to know what you have in exchange for happiness.
grid Yu:
the age for women is indeed a sensitive topic . But one can not violate natural laws. Here, I quote what I admired the concept of Sotheby women: but own their own business! They are like Sotheby's auction, for even changed hands several times, still room for appreciation; even if not still beautiful still young, still some chasing, some pain, some people love. br> 4 opposed: on the good men are looking for beautiful young
glass Xi:
said, it must not be because of love. and you know best love is the most unstable thing. Think of us married men, men may not be the kind of mentality, after a 50-year-old woman, most definitely not the cause of good men want, men are visual animals, for them, their good enough for a A good woman does not need to with the enemy, and he would find a beautiful young woman. This is an example of life from the most to see it. and a really good woman is not also to the 50-year-old did not marry out, unless she really did not want to marry.
grid Yu:
the users say makes sense. really a lot of good men around to find a more beautiful young woman. of course, their wives do mostly very small. because good men are looking for beautiful young woman is actually very easy, they can play with you to give you money, but not necessarily to marry you because you are younger than beautifully yet to come, this When will it stop it. The good woman is not the same, they have self-confidence, thinking of strong, able and men have common topics, to have thought the spark of the collision, compared with young beauty, the utility of these will bring people more durable.
if someone wants to marry are two different things. good woman is married does not mean that nobody wanted her. former Vice Premier Wu Yi, She did not marry, do not you can say her life failure? people now retire After the tea down and enjoy life practice it.
5 Against: about women is their own business
good swallow:
good woman is a woman's own business, why the heck should a man be? Why have to marry? marry but is not good enough by themselves? fallacy! Do not you know what men are nowadays like? own terms is not enough to feel inferior, conditions are good men and too many choices, what will the world a hundred men Benny Mei to love that kind of independence? So, good woman is a woman's own business, do not marry because marriage is not worth the minds of the people.
Qian If the Blue Tang:
excellent upgrade for themselves a level Why does it have for anyone who? too good, easy to make men have low self-esteem, even if this man better than you. and more men are carrying a bowl, still misses the pot. So, personally think that women just fine for themselves. < br> Grid Yu:
the friends are right. woman is a woman his own good things. frustration that a gender of the world, must be harmony of yin and yang. So good women and men is not inevitably linked. Moreover, the Even if a good woman again, if not to attract men, and that there can be no good, or can not prove its good. a woman's own good indeed, it is their own value, but the woman also needs to be proved excellent This is the social value. Zhang said before, and if no man loves a woman, it will be looked down upon.
Dangdang group) 86,982,658 (4 groups) 85523840 (5 base) open, and talk fashion, gossip, emotion, welcome to join.

References cited often rubbing parts of young and aged eight

 About 50 turns up and down rubbing his forehead, the amount of rubbing can often clear the brain, but also can delay wrinkles.

Qian Qian's reference to the eight regular parts of young and old rubbing
 

three , rubbing nose:

the performance of these seven men to show that he does not love you ; her husband's four wives must understand the psychological secrets

fight Habitat blame on her boyfriend into the wrong room bed the wrong kind of woman must know ten most vulnerable to the temptation

After the first left hand in the costal regions between ; six, rubbing belly:

50 with the palm of your hand back and forth rubbing the ear, through the stimulation of acupuncture points on the ear to to promote the health of the body and can enhance the hearing.

 reference

so let a man most girls heart! (Figure) ; women the most attractive parts of the 10 men look

nose with both hands, rub both sides of the index finger. often rub the nose can make the nasal flow, and may play a role in combating colds and rhinitis.four, rubbing the ear:

Second, the rubbing amount:

first left, on the right, first clockwise then counterclockwise rotation twist to the abdomen, 50, it can promote digestion and prevent constipation food plot.

rub your hands back on 50 under before, and then rub the palms of 50 times. often anxious and can promote the excitement of the brain and body hub, increasing the flexibility of hands , flexibility and cold resistance, but also can delay the aging hands.

 a , hand-wringing:

19 个 sun better than sunscreen small coup 12 with good skin maxim

hearts of men tall woman attractive 7 standard Secret: most women look forward to going to bed with this man

bishuilantian eight parts of the constant rubbing of young women are not aging
beauty regardless of age, can be as the years went by, after 30 years they have gradually into the life, maintain the robust body. So,UGGs, there is no simple way they pass the line to aging is also far behind? The answer is yes, naturally. Today's Notes as a friend and introduce a kind of position can be maintained constant rubbing of eight young and old.

eight foot rub:

seven, rubbing back:

about 50 hand rub at the waist, the waist can be strong and strengthening kidney vitality,UGG shoes, but also can prevent backache.

the end of the first 50 with his left hand under the right foot rub, and then rub with his right hand under the left foot 50. foot is one of the sex.

five, rubbing chest:



Secret: deep in the secret hearts of men 18 ; Woman Collection: What kind of husband to marry a good

ten skin of fruit to a woman ten years younger Food notorious list disfigured woman do not try

twelve back white-collar health education methods Secret longevity of national good eating habits

5  fruit 5 for the body parts of vegetable oil to five powerful effective detoxification of food to get that beautiful woman in the women's eight natural skin of fruit, so a woman more beautiful

12 constellations of the husband wife how to listen to the words (see the sun and moon sign)

 Ears hard,UGG bailey button, naysayers:
Taurus: Taurus if you husband getting mad him, as he had not heard, that he would not quarrel with you, that is, a pair of non-response not care what you look like, so if Taurus also willing to talk to you, that your performance the past few days are pretty good.
Gemini: Gemini husband is that he has heard, but do not know why you no matter when he obediently, as you control him, He began to do strange, because he felt humiliated by your tube tightly, so that also belong to a different tune.
Libra: Libra is not like the command and interference by others, because they feel you are a man , I am also, so why do they have to be regulated, the more you control him, his face more smelly, so Libra husband is not that kind of control.
Capricorn: Capricorn is your tube and he'll let you know where he's fighting that one,UGG boots, so they will tell you the battle of wits, and you just keep Xiedi combat power has been nothing more.
one ear and out:
Aries: Aries is one of those once her husband fell into his world, he will selflessly, he is not not listen, but he will think things have progressed so that he could not turn back, do not might listen to you.
Sagittarius: Sagittarius are not easy to concentrate the attention, the brain and is not good, so it is easy to one ear and out, but more importantly, Sagittarius will have its own values, he very important matter that will be fully complied with, but if it is not very important thing he felt he would one commit repeated.
Aquarius: Aquarius husband manage a personal matter that have a leg to stand, and got the time to care of you, so when his wife should mind his own business, not to control him, that if you pipe in front of him west of the East Coast, he will think that you were trouble and want to avoid you.
Pisces : Pisces are living in their own world, so most of the time, his brain often drift state, and that if some of you were not very important in telling him things, he would drift off, so it easy to remember what you say.
in mind Bugan Wang:
Cancer: Cancer of the husband will feel at home is both built up, so good for two, he would be willing to work hard to listen to you many things, but the whole process you can not force him, he will tell you you're a pest!
Leo: Leo's husband belongs to type Junzaiyiyan Sima hard to follow, so when he promised you, he give their own pressure, so he promised not to make people, but he once promised to people, even if you forget that he will not forget.
Virgo: Virgo's husband is afraid of his wife club, his wife would like a Zhang yellow sticker on the refrigerator, as every time he went over to think of that promise, they will want to finish up.
Scorpio: Scorpio is a want to prove that they are good and responsible man, so he Council to take credit and up to complete the promise of your business, and that this time, remember to praise him, but he will be very happy.